From: A range-wide synthesis and timeline for phylogeographic events in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Geographic region, mtDNA lineagea | Ï„ (confidence interval) | Deviation from sudden expansion model (p-value) | Time since expansion [ka] (7.1% substitutions/lineage/My)b | Time since expansion [ka] (33.2% substitutions/lineage/My)b |
---|---|---|---|---|
North America, Nearctic lineage | 10.580 (0.541–19.053) | 0.115 | 222.4 (11.4–400.5) | 47.6 (2.4–85.7) |
North America, eastern lineage | 1.086 (0.516–1.641) | 0.371 | 22.8 (10.8–34.5) | 4.9 (2.3–7.4) |
North America, widespread lineage | 13.295 (0.697–24.838) | 0.071 | 279.5 (14.7–522.1) | 59.8 (3.1–111.7) |
Japan, Hokkaido II | 1.725 (0–4.025) | 0.743 | 36.2 (0–84.6) | 7.8 (0–18.1) |