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Table 2 Best-fitting models and parameter values for separate ( rbcL , rps4-trnS , trnL, trnL-F , and trnL & trnL-F ) and simultaneous plastid datasets in this study

From: Molecular circumscription and major evolutionary lineages of the fern genus Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)

Region

AIC selected model

Base frequencies

Substitution model (rate matrix)

I

G

  

A

A–C

A–G

A–T

rbcL gene

SYM+I+G

1.3128

7.2418

1.3793

rps4-trnS spacer

HKY+G

0.3065

trnL intron

GTR+I

0.3176

1.6096

5.9476

0.4952

trnL-F spacer

GTR+G

0.3349

0.6845

5.1845

0.1986

trnL intron & trnL-F spacer

GTR+I+G

0.3237

1.1111

5.5874

0.3645

simultaneous

GTR+I+G

0.2970

1.0836

5.9681

0.7802

  1. “G” = gamma distribution shape parameter [82]. “GTR” = general-time-reversible model [83]. “HKY” = Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model [84]. “I” = proportion of invariable sites. “SYM” = symmetrical model [85]. “Ti/Tv” = transition/transversion ratio.