Table 1 Species analyzed in this study, the feeding behavioral group[17]to which each taxon belongs, and GenBank numbers for the sequences used in this study
Family | Genus | Feeding Group | Specimen | GenBank Accession Numbers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Tribe | Species | Feeding Group | Citation | Number | COI | COII | 16S | 28S | Ef-1α |
Drosophilidae | Drosophila melanogaster Meigen 1830 | Yeast, mold | [80] | Â | AJ400907 | AJ400907 | AJ400907 | M21017 | NM_170570 |
Phaeomyiidae | Pelidnoptera nigripennis (Fabricius 1794) | Millipede parasitoid | [81] | F272 | JN860439 | Â | Â | JN837497 | JN816249 |
Sciomyzidae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Sciomyzini |  Atrichomelina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Â | Atrichomelina pubera (Loew 1862) | Facultative predator/saprophage of snails and clams on damp shorelines | [28] | F160 | JN860438 | JN837567 | JN816281 | JN837498 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F161 | AY875151 | AY875182 | AY875089 | AY875120 | JN816247 |
|  |  Sciomyza |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Sciomyza simplex Fallén 1820 | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [82] | F175 | AY875152 | AY875183 | AY875090 | AY875121 | JN816248 |
 Tetanocerini | Anticheta |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Â | Anticheta melanosoma Melander 1920 | Predator of exposed snail eggs | [83] | F254 | JN860440 | JN837568 | JN816327 | JN837499 | JN816250 |
|  |  Dichetophora |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Dichetophora finlandica Verbèke 1964 | Unknown |  | F248 | JN860441 | JN837569 | JN816328 | JN837500 | JN816251 |
|  |  Dictya |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Â | Dictya borealis Curran 1932 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F257 | JN860442 | JN837570 | JN816329 | JN837501 | JN816252 |
| Â | Dictya expansa Steyskal 1938 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F263 | JN860443 | JN837571 | JN816330 | JN837502 | Â |
| Â | Dictya floridensis Steyskal 1954 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [85] | F258 | JN860444 | JN837572 | JN816331 | JN837503 | Â |
| Â | Dictya gaigei Steyskal 1938 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F267 | JN860445 | JN837573 | JN816336 | JN837504 | Â |
| Â | Dictya pictipes (Loew 1859) | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F261 | JN860446 | JN837574 | JN816332 | JN837505 | JN816253 |
| Â | Dictya steyskali Valley 1977 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F270 | JN860447 | JN837575 | JN816333 | JN837506 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F271 | JN860448 | JN837576 | JN816334 | JN837507 | JN816254 |
| Â | Dictya stricta Steyskal 1938 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F260 | JN860449 | JN837577 | Â | JN837508 | Â |
| Â | Dictya texensis Curran 1932 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [84] | F268 | JN860450 | JN837578 | JN816335 | JN837509 | Â |
| Â | Dictyacium | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Dictyacium firmum Steyskal 1956 | Unknown | Â | F187 | JN860451 | JN837579 | JN816337 | JN837510 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F188 | JN860452 | JN837580 | JN816338 | JN837511 | Â |
| Â | Elgiva | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Elgiva connexa Steyskal 1954 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [86] | F150 | AY875153 | AY875184 | AY875091 | AY875122 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F151 | JN860453 | JN837581 | JN816282 | JN837512 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F152 | JN860454 | JN837582 | JN816283 | JN837513 | JN816255 |
| Â | Elgiva solicita (Harris 1780) | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [86] | F5 | AY875154 | AY875185 | AY875092 | AY875123 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F6 | JN860455 | JN837583 | JN816284 | JN837514 | Â |
| Â | Ethiolimnia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Ethiolimnia geniculata (Loew 1862) | Unknown | Â | F255 | JN860456 | JN837584 | JN816339 | JN837515 | JN816256 |
| Â | Euthycera | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Euthycera arcuata (Loew 1859) | Parasitoid of slugs | [87] | F222 | JN860457 | JN837585 | JN816340 | Â | JN816257 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F223 | JN860458 | JN837586 | JN816341 | JN837516 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F224 | JN860459 | JN837587 | JN816342 | JN837517 | Â |
| Â | Hedria | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Hedria mixta Steyskal 1954 | Predator of submerged aquatic snails | [88] | F168 | JN860460 | JN837588 | JN816285 | JN837518 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F169 | AY875155 | AY875186 | AY875093 | AY875124 | Â |
| Â | Hoplodictya | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Hoplodictya acuticornis (Wulp 1897) | Parasitoid of succineid snails | LV Knutson (pers. comm.) | F277 | JN860461 | JN837589 | JN816343 | JN837519 | JN816258 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F278 | JN860462 | JN837590 | JN816344 | JN837520 | Â |
| Â | Hydromya | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Hydromya dorsalis (Fabricius 1775) | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [89] | F249 | JN860463 | JN837591 | JN816345 | JN837521 | JN816259 |
| Â | Ilione | Â | [90] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Ilione albiseta (Scopoli 1763) | Predator of submerged aquatic snails | F122 | JN860464 | JN837592 | JN816286 | Â | Â | |
| Â | Limnia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Limnia boscii Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 | Parasitoid of succineid snails | LV Knutson (pers. comm.) | F120 | AY875156 | AY875187 | AY875094 | AY875125 | JN816260 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F121 | JN860465 | JN837593 | JN816287 | JN837522 | Â |
| Â | Limnia ottawensis Melander 1920 | Unknown | Â | F154 | AY875157 | AY875188 | AY875095 | AY875126 | JN816261 |
| Â | Limnia sandovalensis Fisher & Orth 1978 | Unknown | Â | F155 | AY875158 | AY875189 | AY875096 | AY875127 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F156 | JN860466 | JN837594 | JN816288 | JN837523 | Â |
| Â | Pherbecta | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Pherbecta limenitis Steyskal 1956 | Unknown | Â | F237 | JN860467 | JN837595 | JN816346 | JN837524 | JN816262 |
| Â | Pherbina | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Pherbina coryleti (Scopoli 1763) | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [37] | F250 | JN860468 | JN837596 | JN816347 | Â | Â |
| Â | Poecilographa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Poecilographa decora (Loew 1864) | Unknown | Â | F212 | JN860469 | JN837597 | JN816348 | JN837525 | JN816263 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F230 | JN860470 | JN837598 | JN816349 | JN837526 | Â |
| Â | Psacadina | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Psacadina zernyi (Mayer 1953) | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [37] | F251 | JN860471 | Â | JN816350 | JN837527 | JN816264 |
| Â | Renocera | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Renocera amanda (Cresson 1920) | Parasitoid of fingernail clams below the water's surface | [93] | F88 | AY875159 | AY875190 | AY875097 | AY875128 | Â |
| Â | Renocera johnsoni (Cresson 1920) | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | BA Foote (unpublished) | F90 | AY875160 | AY875191 | AY875098 | AY875129 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F92 | JN860472 | JN837599 | JN816289 | JN837528 | JN816265 |
| Â | Renocera pallida (Fallen 1820) | Parasitoid of fingernail clams above the water's surface | [94] | F193 | JN860473 | JN837600 | JN816351 | JN837529 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F194 | JN860474 | JN837601 | JN816352 | JN837530 | JN816266 |
| Â | Sepedon | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Sepedon armipes Loew 1859 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [95] | F28 | AY875161 | AY875192 | AY875099 | AY875130 | Â |
| Â | Sepedon fuscipennis Loew 1859 | Unknown | Â | F116 | JN860475 | JN837602 | JN816360 | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F117 | AY875162 | AY875193 | AY875100 | AY875131 | Â |
| Â | Sepedon praemiosa Giglio-Tos 1893 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [95] | F118 | AY875163 | AY875194 | AY875101 | AY875132 | JN816267 |
| Â | Tetanocera | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera amurensis Hendel 1809 | Unknown | Â | F198 | JN860478 | JN837605 | JN816290 | JN837533 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F199 | JN860479 | JN837606 | JN816291 | JN837534 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F200 | JN860480 | JN837607 | JN816292 | Â | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera annae Steyskal 1938 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F201 | JN860481 | JN837608 | JN816293 | Â | JN816270 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F202 | JN860482 | JN837609 | JN816294 | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F229 | JN860483 | JN837610 | JN816319 | JN837535 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera arnaudi Orth & Fisher 1982 | Unknown | Â | F23 | JN860484 | JN837611 | JN816295 | JN837536 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F24 | JN860485 | JN837612 | JN816296 | JN837537 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera arrogans Meigen 1830 | Parasitoid of succineid snails | [39] | F93 | AY875165 | AY875196 | AY875103 | AY875134 | JN816271 |
| Â | Tetanocera bergi Steyskal 1954 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [73] | F159 | JN860486 | Â | JN816297 | JN837538 | JN816272 |
| Â | Tetanocera clara Loew 1862 | Parasitoid of slugs | F57 | AY875167 | AY875198 | AY875105 | AY875136 | JN816273 | |
| Â | Tetanocera elata (Fabricius 1781) | Parasitoid of slugs | [99] | F245 | JN860487 | JN837613 | JN816298 | JN837539 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F247 | JN860488 | JN837614 | JN816299 | JN837540 | Â |
|  | Tetanocera ferruginea Fallén 1820 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F34 | AY875168 | AY875199 | AY875106 | AY875137 |  |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F158 | AY875166 | AY875197 | AY875104 | AY875135 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera freyi Stackelberg 1963 | Unknown | Â | F203 | JN860489 | JN837615 | JN816300 | Â | JN816274 |
| Â | Tetanocera fuscinervis (Zetterstedt 1838) | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [100] | F53 | AY875169 | AY875200 | AY875107 | AY875138 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F54 | JN860490 | JN837616 | JN816302 | JN837541 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F153 | JN860491 | JN837617 | JN816301 | JN837542 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera hyalipennis Roser 1840 | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [39] | F127 | JN860492 | JN837618 | JN816303 | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F191 | JN860493 | JN837619 | JN816304 | JN837543 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F192 | JN860494 | JN837620 | JN816305 | JN837544 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera kerteszi Hendel 1901 | Predator of terrestrial snails | LV Knutson (pers. comm.) | F46 | AY875170 | AY875201 | AY875108 | AY875139 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F47 | JN860495 | JN837621 | JN816306 | JN837545 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera latifibula Frey 1924 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F144 | JN860496 | JN837622 | JN816357 | JN837546 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F146 | JN860497 | JN837623 | JN816358 | JN837547 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F147 | AY875171 | AY875202 | AY875109 | AY875140 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F149 | JN860498 | JN837624 | JN816359 | JN837548 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera loewi Steyskal 1959 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F189 | JN860499 | JN837625 | JN816307 | JN837549 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F226 | JN860500 | JN837626 | JN816308 | JN837550 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera melanostigma Steyskal 1959 | Parasitoid of succineid snails | [101] | F2 | AY875172 | AY875203 | AY875110 | AY875141 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera mesopora Steyskal 1959 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F40 | AY875173 | AY875204 | AY875111 | AY875142 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera montana Day 1881 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F142 | AY875174 | AY875205 | AY875112 | AY875143 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F143 | JN860501 | JN837627 | JN816309 | JN837551 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F170 | JN860502 | JN837628 | JN816310 | JN837552 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F171 | JN860503 | JN837629 | JN816311 | JN837553 | JN816275 |
| Â | Tetanocera obtusifibula Melander 1920 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F275 | JN860504 | JN837630 | JN816353 | JN837554 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F276 | JN860505 | JN837631 | JN816354 | JN837555 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera oxia Steyskal 1959 | Parasitoid of succineid snails | [101] | F204 | JN860506 | JN837632 | JN816312 | Â | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera phyllophora Melander 1920 | Predator of terrestrial snails | F39 | AY875175 | AY875206 | AY875113 | AY875144 | Â | |
| Â | Tetanocera plebeja Loew 1862 | Parasitoid of slugs | F1 | JN860507 | JN837633 | JN816314 | JN837556 | Â | |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F13 | AY875176 | AY875207 | AY875114 | AY875145 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F205 | JN860508 | JN837634 | JN816313 | Â | JN816276 |
| Â | Tetanocera plumosa Loew 1847 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water or on damp shorelines | [73] | F11 | AY875177 | AY875208 | AY875115 | AY875146 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F43 | JN860509 | JN837635 | Â | JN837557 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera robusta Loew 1847 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F10 | AY875178 | AY875209 | AY875116 | AY875147 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F16 | JN860510 | JN837636 | JN816317 | JN837558 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F134 | JN860511 | JN837637 | JN816315 | JN837559 | JN816277 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F137 | JN860512 | JN837638 | JN816316 | JN837560 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera rotundicornis Loew 1861 | Parasitoid of succineid snails | [101] | F206 | JN860513 | JN837639 | JN816318 | JN837561 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera silvatica Meigen 1830 | Predator of shoreline-stranded aquatics | [100] | F35 | JN860515 | Â | JN816321 | JN837562 | JN816279 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F172 | AY875179 | AY875210 | AY875117 | AY875148 | JN816278 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F173 | JN860514 | JN837640 | JN816320 | JN837563 | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera soror Melander 1920 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [103] | F209 | JN860516 | JN837641 | JN816322 | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F210 | JN860517 | JN837642 | JN816323 | Â | Â |
| Â | Tetanocera valida Loew 1862 | Parasitoid of slugs | F84 | AY875180 | AY875211 | AY875118 | AY875149 | JN816280 | |
| Â | Tetanocera vicina Macquart 1843 | Predator of aquatic snails in the water | [96] | F94 | AY875181 | AY875212 | AY875119 | AY875150 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F95 | JN860518 | JN837643 | JN816324 | JN837564 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F98 | JN860519 | JN837644 | JN816325 | JN837565 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F99 | JN860520 | JN837645 | JN816326 | JN837566 | Â |
| Â | Trypetoptera | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Trypetoptera canadensis (Macquart 1843) | Predator of terrestrial snails | BA Foote (unpublished) | F164 | AY875164 | AY875195 | AY875102 | AY875133 | JN816268 |
 Trypetoptera punctulata  (Scopoli 1763) |  Predator of  terrestrial snails |  | [104] | F217 | JN860476 | JN837603 | JN816355 | JN837531 | JN816269 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | F218 | JN860477 | JN837604 | JN816356 | JN837532 | Â |
Sequence coverage | out of 114 OTUs | out of 65 species | out of 23 genera | ||||||
COI | 114: 100% | 65: 100% | 23: 100% | ||||||
COII | 110: 96.5% | 62: 95.4% | 21: 91.3% | ||||||
16S | 111: 97.4% | 63: 96.9% | 22: 95.6% | ||||||
28S | 101: 88.6% | 60: 92.3% | 21: 91.3% | ||||||
EF1α | 34: 29.8% | 33: 50.8% | 19: 82.6% | ||||||