Figure 2

Dates of origins of key evolutionary traits in Scolytinae. Age of gregarious larval feeding (G), regular inbreeding by sibling mating (thin line), and ambrosia fungus feeding (grey box) in Scolytinae, based on crown ages as estimated in Beast (Analysis A). Stippled line and light grey indicate uncertainties associated with the lack of observations (Bothrosternini) or lack of phylogenetic sampling (Hyorrhynchini). Only those larvae that move freely and feed gregariously are considered truly ‘gregarious.’ Above, the Zachos curve showing variation in global temperature, and the posterior 95% distribution of crown age for Corthylina, Xyloterini, Scolytoplatypus, Camptocerus, Xyleborini, and the Bothrosternus-Eupagiocerus clade.