Driving south: a multi-gene phylogeny of the brown algal family Fucaceae reveals relationships and recent drivers of a marine radiation

Table 3 Tests of biogeographical hypotheses

Scenario	Df	sA	sB	sAB	xA	xB	dA	dB	logLik	AIC	P
Assymetric parameters	7	0.195	0.019	1.225	0.049	0.000	0.070	0.000	-46.828	107.656
Assymetric speciation	5	0.164	0.020	1.225	xA~xB		dA~dB		-48.775	107.550	NS
Assymetric extinction	5	sA~sB		1.225	0.058	0.029	dA~dB		-51.580	113.160	**
Symmetric parameters	4	sA~sB		1.225	xA~xB		dA~dB		-51.636	111.270	**
Sink-sink system	5	sA~sB		1.225	xA~xB		0.075	0.000	-50.172	110.340	*
Unconstrained DEC	2	-		-	0.032		0.000		-13.25	-	-
Stratified biogeographical DEC model	2	-		-	0.010		0.061		-16.45	-	-
Significance codes: 0 < * < 0.001 < ** < 0.01 < * < 0.05 < · < 0.1 < NS < 1**

Speciation (s), extinction (x) and dispersal (d) rates between the two biogeographical regions on either side of the Bering Strait (A, Pacific Ocean; B, Atlantic Ocean, including most of the Arctic). Complete asymmetric model and different scenarios of state-independent and state-dependent diversification (rates constrained to be equal), and unidirectional and bidirectional dispersal were tested: 1) asymmetric model; 2) asymmetric speciation, state-independent extinction and dispersal rates; 3) asymmetric extinction, state-independent speciation and dispersal rates; 4) symmetric parameters; 7) Sink-sink system [86]. Log-likelihood, Akaike information criteria (AIC) and log-likelihood ratio test (P) are also provided for comparison between models. Dispersal and local extinction parameters estimated by DEC models are also shown [88, 89].

ISSN: 2730-7182