Driving south: a multi-gene phylogeny of the brown algal family Fucaceae reveals relationships and recent drivers of a marine radiation

Table 2 Tests of mating system evolution hypotheses

Scenario	Df	λ0	λ1	μ0	μ1	q01	q10	logLik	AIC	P
Asymmetric parameters	6	0.000	0.289	0.398	0.000	0.441	0.524	-48.299	108.597
Asymmetric speciation	4	0.000	0.350	μ1~μ0		q01~q10		-48.519	105.040	·
Asymmetric extinction	4	λ1~λ0		0.364	0.000	q01~q10		-48.997	106.000	·
Source (dioecious)-sink system	4	λ1~λ0		μ1~μ0		0.086	-	-54.358	114.720	*
Source (hermaphoditic)-sink system	4	λ1~λ0		μ1~μ0		-	0.073	-52.686	111.370	**
Symmetric parameters (MK1)	3	λ1~λ0		μ1~μ0		q01~q10		-49.261	104.522	·
Sink-sink system (MK2)	4	λ1~λ0		μ1~μ0		0.758	0.538	-49.068	106.135	·
Significance codes: 0 < * < 0.001 < < 0.01 < * < 0.05 < · < 0.1 < NS < 1

Speciation (λ), extinction (μ) and transition (q) rates between the two states of the mating system character (0, dioecious; 1, hermaphroditic). Complete asymmetric model and different scenarios of state-independent and state-dependent diversification (rates constrained to be equal), and unidirectional and bidirectional transitions were tested: 1) asymmetric model; 2) asymmetric speciation or state-independent extinction and transition rates; 3) asymmetric extinction or state-independent speciation and transition rates; 4) Source (dioecious)- sink system or state-independent diversification rates and transition from hermaphroditic to dioecious state constrained to 0; 5) Source (hermaphroditic)- sink system or state-independent diversification rates and transition from dioecious to hermaphroditic state constrained to 0; 6) symmetric parameters or MK1 model; 7) Sink-sink system or MK2 model [81–84, 86]. Log-likelihood, Akaike information criteria (AIC) and log-likelihood ratio test (P) are also provided for comparison between models.

ISSN: 2730-7182