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Table 2 Linear (β) and quadratic (γ) selection on all morphological traits measured in this study in a data set that included all individuals (Full, N = 172), as well as in a second dataset from which we excluded all individuals whose Gosner stage was > 39 at the time of release were excluded (Reduced, N = 151).

From: Predator mediated selection and the impact of developmental stage on viability in wood frog tadpoles (Rana sylvatica)

  

Directional selection

Quadratic selection

Data set

Trait

β ± SE

γ ± SE

Full

Head Length

0.08 ± 0.16

- 0.06 ± 0.16

 

Head Height

0.10 ± 0.12

0.14 ± 0.14

 

Tail Length

- 0.16 ± 0.13

0.004 ± 0.16

 

Tail muscle Height

- 0.14 ± 0.15

- 0.10 ± 0.14

 

Tail Fin Height

0.22 ± 0.09*

- 0.06 ± 0.11

 

Swimming speed

- 0.01 ± 0.07

- 0.06 ± 0.10

Reduced

Head Length

0.05 ± 0.19

- 0.10 ± 0.17

 

Head Height

0.09 ± 0.13

0.14 ± 0.15

 

Tail Length

- 0.17 ± 0.14

0.04 ± 0.19

 

Tail muscle Height

- 0.08 ± 0.16

- 0.03 ± 0.17

 

Tail Fin Height

0.21 ± 0.10*

- 0.05 ± 0.12

 

Swimming speed

- 0.05 ± 0.08

- 0.10 ± 0.11

  1. Asterisks indicate significant (* P < 0.05) selection, as determined by a generalized linear model with a logit link function and survival (0 or 1) as the response variable. A term for Gosner stage was included in these models, but because development stage is not a "trait" on which one can measure selection, is not shown here. A factor for tank was also included. See text for details.