Abiotic event | Time period | Predictions and expectations | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Establishment of freshwater systems in Chile | ~ 9.0 Ma | Origins and initial diversification Basal nodes date to this period | |
Dramatic increase in sea-levels | 4.3 - 5.3 Ma | Increased cladogenic events Significant shifts in cladogenic rates (Yule two rate or rate-variable birth-death) | [24] |
Dramatic decrease in sea-levels | 1.4 - 2.2 Ma | Decreased cladogenic events Significant shifts in cladogenic rates (Yule two rate or rate-variable birth-death) | [24] |
Late Pleistocene climate oscillations (Driver of speciation) | 1.0 - 0.1 Ma | Increase in cladogenic events Majority of cladogenic events date to this period & Significant shifts in cladogenic rates (Yule two rate or rate-variable birth-death) | |
Late Pleistocene climate oscillations (Increased extinction) | 1.0 - 0.1 Ma | Decline in cladogenic rates Few cladogenic events date to this period & Decline in cladogenic rates (density dependent model [logistic or exponential] of diversification) | |
No impact | Throughout | No change in cladogenic rates Constant cladogenesis models: yule pure-birth or pure-birth | Â |