Table 5 Plasmodium species included in our phylogenetic analysis

P. cynomolgi

AY800108

Macaca sinica, M. nemestrina,

M. fascicularis, M. mulatta,

M. radiata, Presbytis entrellus,

P. critatus, Semnopithecus spp.

Southeast Asia

P. cynomolgi - Berok

AB444129

P. cynomolgi - Ceylonensis

AB444125

P. vivax

AY598140

Homo sapiens

Tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions

P. inui- Taiwan II

GQ355483

Macaca sinica, M. nemestrina,

M. fascicularis, M. mulatta,

M. radiata, M. cyclopis

South and East Asia

P. inui- Leaf Monkey II

GQ355482

P. hylobati

AB354573

Hylobati moloch

Indonesia, Malaysia (Borneo)

P. simiovale

AB434920

M. sinica

Sri Lanka

P. fieldi- N-3

AB354574

M. nemestrina, M. fascicularis

Malaysia

P. coatneyi

AB354575

M. fascicularis

Malaysia, Philippines

P. knowlesi

NC_007232

M. nemestrina, M. fascicularis,

M. nigra

Southeast Asia

P. fragile

AY722799

M. radiata, M. mulatta, Prebytis spp.

Southern India, Sri Lanka

P. gonderi

AY800111

Cercocebus atys, Cercopithecus spp.

Central Africa

Plasmodium sp.

AY800112

Mandrillus sphinx (Cercopithecidae)

Central Africa

P. malariae

AB354570

Homo sapiens

Tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions

P. ovale-wallikeri

HQ712053

Homo sapiens

Tropical and subtropical regions

P. ovale-curtisi

HQ712052

Homo sapiens

Tropical and subtropical regions

Plasmodium sp. (A)

HQ712054

Hapalemur griseus griseus

Madagascar (Eastern rainforest)

Plasmodium sp. (B)

HQ712055

Varecia variegata

Plasmodium sp. (C)

HQ712056

Hapalemur griseus griseus

Plasmodium sp. (D)

HQ712057

Indri indri

Plasmodium sp. (E)

JN131536

Eulemur macaco macaco

Madagascar (Northwest)

P. malagasi

HM000113 HM000122

Propithecus verrauxi

Madagascar

P. berghei

AF014115

Grammomys sp.

Central Africa

P. yoelii

M29000

Thamnomys sp.

Africa

P. atheruri

HQ712051

Atherurus africanus (Porcupine)

Central Africa

P. chabaudi

AF014116

Thamnomys sp.

Central Africa

Plasmodium sp.

GQ355468

Pan troglodytes

Uganda, Republic of the Congo

Plasmodium sp.

GQ355479

Pan troglodytes

Uganda, Republic of the Congo

P. reichenowi

NC-002235

Pan troglodytes

Africa

P. reichenowi

GQ355476

Pan troglodytes

Republic of the Congo

P. falciparum

AY282930

Homo sapiens

Worldwide Tropical regions

P. falciparum

GQ355474

Pan paniscus

Republic of the Congo

P. gaboni

FJ895307

Pan troglodytes

Gabon

Plasmodium sp. (G1)

HM235308

Gorilla sp.

Republic of the Congo

Plasmodium sp. (G1)

HM235269

Gorilla sp.

Republic of the Congo

Plasmodium sp. (G2)

HM235307

Gorilla sp.

Cameroon

Plasmodium sp. (G3)

HM235294

Gorilla sp.

Central African Republic

Plasmodium sp. (C1)

HM235350

Pan troglodytes

Cameroon

Plasmodium sp. (C1)

HM235388

Pan troglodytes

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Plasmodium sp. (C2)

HM235319

Pan troglodytes

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Plasmodium sp. (C2)

HM235349

Pan troglodytes

Cameroon

Plasmodium sp. (C3)

HM235293

Pan troglodytes

Cameroon

P. juxtanucleare

NC_008279

Galliformes and domestic birds

Tropical and subtropical regions

P. gallinaceum

NC_008288

Galliformes and Sphenisciformes

P. floridense

NC_009961

Anolis sagrei

Caribbean

P. mexicanum

NC_009960

Sceloporus occidentalis

California, USA