Table 4 Divergence times for major split in the Plasmodium timetree with a comprehensive data set including Lemurs and Gorillas

Origin of Southern Asia Macaca species

72

8.57

5.75-11.06

5.17

2.63-8.45

2.63-11.06

Split P. cynomologi-P. vivax

68

5.25

3.23-7.44

2.61

0.89-4.64

0.89-7.44

Origin Catarrhini parasite (excluding P. ovale)

74

19.97

13.93-26.49

12.97

7.54-20.73

7.54-26.49

Split Papio/Macaca

73

12.68

9.13-14.25

8.44

6.00-12.83

6.00-14.25

Lorisiforms-Catarrhini parasite

76

24.66

16.95-34.10

17.90

9.91-28.94

9.91-34.10

Radiation Lorisiforms parasite

61

20.91

13.98-29.11

14.87

7.62-24.30

7.62-29.11

Radiation Apes parasite

54

17.36

10.54-26.35

14.13

6.99-23.65

6.99-26.35

Radiation Rodents parasite

57

16.15

9.61-24.29

10.20

4.19-17.65

4.19-24.29

Split P. falciparum-P. reichenowi

46

9.02

4.18-15.86

5.00

2.23-8.55

2.23-15.86

Origin of P. falciparum in humans

40

1.35

0.26-3.63

0.56

0.14-1.10

0.14-3.63

Origin of P. falciparum in humans & bonobos

41

2.94

0.83-6.78

1.21

0.39-2.23

0.39-6.78

Origin of Plasmodium in mammals

78

31.29

21.48-44.16

25.29

13.67-40.79

13.67-44.16

Calibrations: node 73, min 6, max 14.3; node 74, min 23.5

MDT

BEAST

Divergence

Node

Node age (Mya)

95% CrI

Node age (Mya)

95% CrI

cCrIs

Origin of Southern Asia Macaca species

72

8.89

6.51, 11.34

8.61

6.22, 11.13

6.22-11.34

Split P. cynomologi-P. vivax

68

5.42

3.58, 7.56

4.56

2.41, 7.01

2.41-7.56

Origin Catarrhini parasite (excluding P. ovale)

74

25.51

23.56, 30.95

25.85

23.50, 30.25

23.5-30.95

Split Papio/Macaca

73

13.57

11.87, 14.28

12.86

10.59, 14.30

10.59-14.30

Lorisiforms-Catarrhini parasite

76

31.84

26.93, 41.43

33.47

26.66, 41.47

26.66-41.47

Radiation Lorisiforms parasite

61

27.06

21.83, 35.49

27.72

20.11, 35.73

20.11-35.73

Radiation Apes parasite

54

22.90

16.05, 32.70

25.23

15.85, 34.44

15.85-34.44

Radiation Rodents parasite

57

21.37

14.88, 30.11

18.28

10.08, 27.59

10.08-30.11

Split P. falciparum-P. reichenowi

46

12.37

6.48, 20.06

8.97

5.23, 13.33

5.23-20.06

Origin of P. falciparum in humans

40

1.95

0.40, 5.08

0.98

0.32, 1.78

0.32-5.08

Origin of P. falciparum in humans & bonobos

41

4.25

1.34, 9.19

2.15

0.92, 3.54

0.92-9.19

Origin of Plasmodium in mammals

78

39.80

32.22, 52.77

46.09

33.74, 58.74

33.74-58.74