Figure 5

Coalescent-based genealogy of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), showing the distribution mutations for New World (CR = Costa Rica; Pacific, CA = California; Mountain USA, WY = Wyoming) and Old World (EU = Europe) populations of C. arcuatorum performed using Genetree. The inferred genealogy is a rooted genealogy based on five million simulations of the coalescent. Simulations were carried out assuming a constant population size. Maximum likelihood estimates of the tree with the highest root probability (likelihood = 1.16 × 10^-18) and standard deviation (SD = 9.53 × 10^-16) showing the distribution of mutations. The direction of divergence is from the top of the genealogy (oldest = past) to bottom (youngest = present); coalescence is from the bottom (present) to the top (past). The numbers below each branch indicate the corresponding haplotype and its frequency in each macro-population and sampling area. The time scale is in coalescent units of effective population size.