BMC Ecology and Evolution

Table 2 Comparison of non-synonymous (d_N) and synonymous (d_S) substitution rates at putative peptide-binding codons (PBCs) and non-PBCs

From: Reduced MHC and neutral variation in the Galápagos hawk, an island endemic

			PBCs			Non-PBCs
Method	Sequence set	No. of sequences	d_N ± SE	d_S ± SE	d_N/d_S	d_N ± SE	d_S ± SE	d_N/d_S
Brown et al. 1993	All	23	0.272 ± 0.073	0.031 ± 0.019	8.77***	0.069 ± 0.017	0.109 ± 0.037	2.95
	B. swainsoni	20	0.268 ± 0.076	0.027 ± 0.017	9.82***	0.073 ± 0.017	0.114 ± 0.042	0.64
	Group 1	10	0.072 ± 0.029	0.007 ± 0.007	10.43*	0.014 ± 0.009	0.010 ± 0.010	1.40
	Group 2	12	0.299 ± 0.085	0.036 ± 0.025	8.25***	0.045 ± 0.014	0.092 ± 0.034	0.49
Tong et al. 2006	All	23	0.573 ± 0.127	0.060 ± 0.034	9.55***	0.057 ± 0.013	0.090 ± 0.030	0.63
	B. swainsoni	20	0.566 ± 0.119	0.054 ± 0.033	10.48***	0.060 ± 0.014	0.094 ± 0.032	0.64
	Group 1	10	0.123 ± 0.045	0.011 ± 0.011	11.18**	0.009 ± 0.007	0.010 ± 0.011	0.90
	Group 2	12	0.607 ± 0.150	0.074 ± 0.044	8.20***	0.036 ± 0.010	0.080 ± 0.029	0.45

Separate analyses were run using all sequences, Buteo swainsoni sequences, Group 1, and Group 2. Codons were designated as peptide-binding or non-peptide-binding using two methods: Brown et al. [28] and Tong et al. [29]. Significance levels of Z-tests for positive selection (H_A: d_N >d_S) are indicated by asterisks (P < 0.05*, P < 0.01**, P < 0.001***).

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