Figure 4

Karyotypic values in the additive-dominance scale. Deviation values for thermal preference (T_p) and knockout temperature (T_ko) were measured after pooling arrangements O₃₊₄ and O₃₊₄₊₈ into a single class (${\text{O}}_{3+4}^{\ast }$), and the coordinate point (0, 0) was taken as the midparent (i.e., the average of T_p and T_ko for the two karyotypes O_st/O_st and ${\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$). Females (upper panel) and males (lower panel) are plotted separately because the interaction karyotype × sex was statistically significant for T_ko (Table 4). In the original scale the (0, 0) point corresponds to an average T_p of 18.31°C for females and 17.91°C for males, and an average T_ko of 33.58°C for females and 32.61°C for males. Open squares give the values for all six karyotypes to appreciate their dispersion from the midparent, as well as their dispersion from the pooled ${\text{O}}_{\text{st}}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$ and ${\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}/{\text{O}}_{3+4}^{*}$ karyotypes (black circles). Statistical significance for additive ($a_{T_{\text{p}}}\text{,}{a}_{T_{\text{ko}}}$) and dominance ($d_{T_{\text{p}}}\text{,}{d}_{T_{\text{ko}}}$) effects are given in Tables 3 and 4. Note also that the phenotypic ($r_{T_{\text{p}}\cdot T_{\text{ko}}}=-0.030$) and genetic (r _k = -0.068, r _p = -0.130; see Methods) correlations were non-significantly different from zero (see text for details).