From: Successfully resisting a pathogen is rarely costly in Daphnia magna
Ref | Species | Cost ? | Selection | Challenge | Environment | Observations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a Constitutive cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
[35] | Plodia interpunctella | development timea, longevity, reproduction | resistance virus | - | Standard lab conditions | adevelopment time difference tend to decrease after two more generations |
[41] | Plutella xylostella | growth rate b , survival b | resistance B. thuringiensis | - | Poor quality food | bcost of resistance for one population, advantage for the other |
[41] | Plutella xylostella | survival c | resistance B. thuringiensis | - | larval competition | ccost of resistance for one population on two tested |
[55] | Biomphalaria glabrata | fertility, mortality | resistance Schistosoma | - | Standard lab conditions | includes a susceptiblity-selected control (different effect) |
[34] | Aedes aegypti | early pupation = low melanization | early/late pupation | beads to test melanization | Standard lab conditions | no control for wounding |
[6] | Tenebrio molitor | cuticular colord | - | - | Standard lab conditions | dcuticular color is correlated with investment in immunity; positively correlated with longevity, no effect on fecundity |
[56] | Anopheles gambiae | longevity, fecundity, mating success | resistance Plasmodium | - | Standard lab conditions | includes a susceptiblity-selected control (same effect) |
[36] | Drosophila melanogaster | competitive ability against controlse, survival, development time, fecundity, size, fluctuating asymetry | resistance A. tabida | - | Various food levels and competition | ecost found only for lowest food levels |
[37] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundity, egg viability, starvation tolerance | resistance L. boulardi | - | Standard lab conditions | Â |
[37] | Drosophila melanogaster | competitive ability f | resistance L. boulardi | - | Various food levels and competition | fcost found only for lowest food levels |
[55] | Drosophila melanogaster | resistance, survival, competition abilityg | high/low densities | - | Standard lab conditions | gindividuals selected at high densities fare actually better |
[57] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundityh, longevity | resistance Macrocheles | - | High/Low temperatures | hcost found only for high temperature |
[58] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundity | - | - | Standard lab conditions | Â |
[8] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundity i | - | - | High/Low food levels | icost found only for low food |
[59] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundity j , competitivity j | resistance T. kingi | - | High/Low larval competition | jcost found only for high competition level |
[39] | Drosophila melanogaster | longevityk, body mass, development timel, egg viability, productivity, mating | resistance P. aeruginosa | - | Standard lab conditions | kcost found only for females; lreduced development time for selected lines |
[60] | Acyrthosiphon pisum | fecundity, resistance to different parasites | - | - | High/low food quality | Â |
[53] | Acyrthosiphon pisum | fecundity, survival without foodm, sizem, competitive abilityn | - | - | Standard lab conditions | mresistance is actually positively correlated with this trait; nunpublished data cited |
[32] | Daphnia magna | mortality, age of 1st reproduction, fecundity | - | - | Standard lab conditions | Â |
[32] | Daphnia magna | competitive ability | - | - | High densities, very low food | Â |
[31] | Daphnia magna | fitness | - | - | Low quality natural environment | Â |
[33] | Daphnia magna | survival, fitness | +/- O. bayeri | - | low density, high food | Â |
b Inducible cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
[40] | Tenebrio molitor | ? o | - | generalist fungus | solitary/gregarious | oassume plasticity = cost |
[6] | Tenebrio molitor | longevity, fecundity | - | Nylon inserted | Standard lab conditions | Â |
[61] | Tribolium castaneum | fecundity; developmentp, survivalp | - | heat killed bact injected | Standard lab conditions | pcosts shown in 1 line only |
[62] | Bombus terrestris q | survival r | - | LPS injected, beads inserted | High/zero food levels | qsterile workers; rcost found only when starved |
[63] | Aedes aegypti | fecundity s | - | beads inserted | Standard lab conditions | sdepend on the charge of the bead |
[8] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundity t | - | P. rettgeri injected | High/low food levels | tcosts result from wounding only, just after injection (not lasting) |
[59] | Drosophila melanogaster | fecundity, survival | resistance T. kingi | exposure T. kingi | Standard lab conditions | Â |
[25] | Daphnia magna | mortality | - | exposure P. ramosa | low food and high densityu | uhigh density for first experiment only |
[31] | Daphnia magna | fitness | - | exposure O. bayeri | Low quality natural environment | Â |