Phylogeography and population structure of the grape powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe necator, from diverse Vitisspecies

Table 3 Haplotype richness, sequence diversity and neutrality estimates for populations of Erysiphe necator.

Locus	Population¹	Haplotype richness (h_R)²	Watterson's θ (θ_w)	π	Tajima's D(P-value)
ITS/IGS	Eastern US	6 (9)³	0.00123	0.00085	-1.167 (0.108)
	Introduced	3	0.00123	0.00217	1.901 (0.975)
		P = 0.013	P = 0.485	P = 1.000
TUB2	Eastern US	7 (11)	0.00314	0.00159	-1.598 (0.013)
	Introduced	4	0.00157	0.00192	0.478 (0.727)
		P = 0.049	P = 0.050	P = 0.833
EF1-α	Eastern US	11 (15)	0.00601	0.00472	-0.680 (0.270)
	Introduced	4	0.00164	0.00142	-0.281 (0.411)
		P < 0.001	P = 0.001	P = 0.001
Combined	Eastern US	21 (40)	0.00282	0.00194	-
	Introduced	6	0.00141	0.00193	-
		P < 0.001	P = 0.001	P = 0.497

¹The introduced population comprises Europe, Australia and the western US; the eastern US comprises northeast, southeast and central US (Table 1).
²To account for sample size differences in eastern US (N = 103) and introduced populations (N = 43), we used rarefaction analysis [66] for haplotype richness, θ_w, and π in the native population. Diversity estimates where the eastern US population is significantly more diverse than the introduced populations (P < 0.05) are in bold.
³Numbers in parentheses are the number of observed haplotypes among the 103 isolates from the eastern US population without correction by rarefaction analysis.

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