Figure 6

Mutant fertilization alleles can invade PI- Wolbachia infected populations even when they have a negative fitness effect in the homozygous state. When homozygosity for the recessive mutant allele n with a fertilization rate of m also carries a cost (s), the mutation can spread from rarity as long as the cost of homozygosity for the mutant and the fertilization frequency of the mutant within in the single hatched (simulation results) or in the double hatched area (simulation and analytical results). The mutant fertilization rate competes with a wildtype fertilization rate of x = 0.5. Other values: no cost of being infected (ω = 1), the Wolbachia transmission efficiency (α) equals 0.95.