Aquaporins in the wild: natural genetic diversity and selective pressure in the PIP gene family in five Neotropical tree species

Table 3 Genetic diversity and results of mutation-drift equilibrium tests for each gene

Genes [populations]	N	L	S	S _I	S _S	S _A	A	H _d	θ _π	θ _w	rho	D		D*		F*		F _S
CguPIP1.1 [NW]	58	673	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	-	-		-		-		-
CguPIP1.1 [SE]	12	673	8	7 (3)	1	0	2	0.53	4.24	2.65	0	2.40	*	1.38	*	1.87	*	7.51	*
PquPIP2.1	32	513	16	10	6	0	7	0.79	4.63	3.97	5	0.56		1.57	*	1.46		2.76	*
VsePIP2.1	46	627	10	7 (2)	2	1	17	0.89	2.72	2.27	47	0.56		0.20		0.37		- 7.48
EfaPIP1.1 [NW]	104	459	12	10 (2)	2	0	19	0.87	3.27	2.30	59	1.11	*	0.83		1.11	*	- 4.20	*
EfaPIP1.1 [SE]	50	459	12	9 (2)	3	0	12	0.86	3.48	2.68	14	0.89		0.94		1.08		- 1.00
EfaPIP1.2 [NW]	144	521	9	6 (1)	1	2	11	0.72	3.14	3.19	8	- 0.55		1.29		0.98		- 1.94
EfaPIP1.2 [SE]	60	521	8	6 (1)	1	2	11	0.63	2.61	3.29	18	- 0.55		1.29	*	0.81		- 4.41
EfaPIP2.1 [NW]	106	572	5	2 (1)	1	2	6	0.73	2.52	1.67	6	1.07	*	1.03		1.23		0.88
EfaPIP2.1 [SE]	60	572	4	1 (1)	1	2	4	0.66	2.20	1.50	0	1.02		0.98		1.16		1.73
EgrPIP2.1	194	671	14	9 (1)	2	3	10	0.23	1.21	2.40	0	- 1.24		1.53	*	0.58		- 2.11

Legend: Analyses were performed taking recombination into account. N = sample size (number of sequences); L = amplicons length (base pairs); S = total number of segregating sites; S_I = number of sites segregating in introns (number of indels in parentheses); S_S = number of synonymous sites segregating in exons; S_A = number of non-synonymous sites segregating in exons; A = number of observed haplotypes; H_d = Nei's (1987) gene diversity computed on haplotype frequencies; θ_π, θ_w= estimates of population diversity parameter (4N_eμ) from pairwise nucleotide differences and number of segregating sites, respectively (Tajima 1989); values multiplied by 1000; rho = population recombination parameter (4N_er); D, D*, F*, F_s: standard neutral model statistics (see Materials and Methods). * = significant and the P = 0.05 threshold level. n.b. some significant values of F_S are numerically negative but lie above the upper limit of the neutral confidence interval (see Additional File 1: Supplementary Table S1); they are therefore "statistically positive".

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