Molecular evolutionary rates predict both extinction and speciation in temperate angiosperm lineages

Table 2 Evolutionary rates estimates.

Clade	λ	*95% C.I. (λ)*	μ	95% C.I. *(μ)*	*∑(μ/λ)*	mean ITS rate	95% HPD (mean rate)	ITS rate c.v.	95% HPD (c.v. rate)
Antirrhineae	1.070	(0.716, 1.588)	0.989	(0.602, 1.533)	0.924	8.10E-03	(6.24E-03, 1.02E-02)	0.547	(0.367, 0.737)
Artemisia	0.379	(0.275, 0.516)	0.239	(0.106, 0.401)	0.631	1.69E-03	(1.24E-03, 2.20E-03)	0.921	(0.697, 1.180)
Chironiinae	0.456	(0.292, 0.702)	0.350	(0.133, 0.637)	0.769	6.32E-03	(4.45E-03, 8.45E-03)	0.422	(0.245, 0.601)
Ericameria	0.234	(0.170, 0.342)	0	(0, 0.166)	0	2.17E-03	(1.01E-03, 3.82E-03)	0.809	(0.422, 1.214)
Lepidium	0.956	(0.670, 1.350)	0.589	(0.175, 1.086)	0.617	8.26E-03	(5.25E-03, 1.18E-02)	0.753	(0.512, 1.016)
Lotus	0.366	(0.259, 0.515)	0.330	(0.205, 0.492)	0.902	2.78E-03	(1.93E-03, 3.69E-03)	0.722	(0.514, 0.944)
Lupinus	1.547	(1.112, 2.139)	1.388	(0.900, 2.023)	0.898	2.18E-03	(1.26E-03, 3.28E-03)	1.060	(0.554, 1.631)
Lycieae	0.177	(0.136, 0.292)	0	(0, 0.163)	0	2.80E-03	(1.97E-03, 3.70E-03)	0.497	(0.246, 0.758)
Phrymoideae	0.265	(0.185, 0.375)	0.188	(0.079, 0.320)	0.709	6.22E-03	(4.79E-03, 7.72E-03)	0.632	(0.487, 0.790)
Polemoniaceae	0.318	(0.254, 0.396)	0.227	(0.145, 0.321)	0.715	5.15E-03	(4.25E-03, 6.11E-03)	0.551	(0.450, 0.656)
Salvia	1.649	(1.181, 2.282)	1.466	(0.957, 2.134)	0.889	6.56E-03	(5.13E-03, 8.04E-03)	0.614	(0.477, 0.760)
Saniculoideae	0.259	(0.194, 0.345)	0.164	(0.073, 0.269)	0.631	1.78E-03	(1.30E-03, 2.27E-03)	0.611	(0.442, 0.794)
Sidalcea, etc.	0.053	(0.039, 0.095)	0	(0, 0.061)	0	1.21E-03	(9.34E-04, 1.52E-03)	0.667	(0.419, 0.959)

Estimates for speciation rate (λ), extinction rate (μ), relative extinction rate (∑), mean rate of nucleotide substitution at the ITS1 and ITS2 loci (mean rate = number of substitutions per site/age in millions of years. It is calculated for each branch, then summed over all branches), and the coefficient of variation (c.v.) in mean substitution rate (c.v. rate = among-branch variance in ITS rate, scaled by the mean. I.e., for a tree with a c.v. of 0.50, the rate of ITS evolution varies across lineages by 50% of the mean). Confidence intervals (C.I.) for diversification rates were calculated from their likelihood profiles. 95% HPD (Highest Posterior Density) intervals for ITS rates are from BEAST (Tracer) analysis of MCMC output.

ISSN: 2730-7182