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Table 3 Rate tests between major and minor tubulin paralogs.

From: Tubulin evolution in insects: gene duplication and subfunctionalization provide specialized isoforms in a functionally constrained gene family

Major isoform

Minor isoform

Rate test

(mean Chi-Sq. +/- Sdv)

Insect β1

Insect β2

5.12 +/- 3.81

n = 9

Insect β1

Insect β3

11.85 +/- 4.33

n = 9

Insect β1

Insect β4

21.34 +/- 21.15

n = 6

Insect α1

Insect α2

10.66 +/- 17.34

n = 6

Insect α1

Insect α3

71.19 +/- 9.91

n = 2

Insect α1

Insect α4

97.87 +/- 62.34

n = 4

  1. Protein evolutionary rates were compared between major and minor tubulin paralogs resulting from ancient duplication events predating separation of insect orders, using Ha major alpha and beta tubulins as outgroups. The average and standard deviation of chi-square values for pairwise rate tests are presented (eg. Insect β1 vs. Insect β2 = (Chi-sq. Dmβ1 vs. Dmβ2 + Chi-sq. Agβ1 vs. Agβ2 + Chi-sq. Aeβ1 vs. Agβ2...)/9). In taxa with multiple copies of an isoform, rate tests are performed using the conserved isoform. The only Drosophila species included is Dm, to avoid a Dipteran skew in the results. Chi-Sq. values > 3.8 have a probability of p < 0.05; Chi-Sq. values > 5.2, p < 0.01.